The Fifth Border State: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Formation of West Virginia, 1829–1872
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Every standard account of West Virginia's 1863 founding credits political and economic differences with eastern Virginia for the split. In The Fifth Border State, historian Scott A. MacKenzie offers a new interpretation, arguing that support for slavery — not just resistance to secession — played a central role in the statehood movement, much as it did in border states like Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
Drawing on newly examined sources, MacKenzie shows how radical Unionists and escaping enslaved people ultimately forced emancipation onto a movement that initially aimed to protect slavery, correcting long-standing myths about the state's origins.
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